Protesilaos Stavrou

Denote Sequence (denote-sequence.el)

Sequence notes or Folgezettel with Denote

This manual, written by Protesilaos Stavrou, describes the customization options for the Emacs package called denote (or denote.el), and provides every other piece of information pertinent to it.

The documentation furnished herein corresponds to stable version 0.0.0, released on N/A. Any reference to a newer feature which does not yet form part of the latest tagged commit, is explicitly marked as such.

Current development target is 0.1.0-dev.

If you are viewing the README.org version of this file, please note that the GNU ELPA machinery automatically generates an Info manual out of it.

1. COPYING

Copyright (C) 2022-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.”

(a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual.”

2. Write sequence notes or “folgezettel”

[ The denote-sequence.el is part of 0.1.0-dev. ]

The denote-sequence package provides an optional extension to denote for naming files with a sequencing scheme. The idea is to establish hiearchical relationships between files, such that the contents of one logically follow or complement those of another.

Denote defines an optional file name component called the SIGNATURE (read about the file-naming scheme in the Denote manual). This is a free form field that users can fill in with whatever text they want, such as to have a video split up into part1 and part2, or to set some kind of priority like a and b, or even to have a special tag that stands out from the rest of the keywords.

A more specialised use-case of the SIGNATURE is to define a hierarchical relationship between notes, such that the thoughts they expound on form sequences. For example, an article about the Labrador Retriever dog breed is a continuation of a thought process that extends something about dog breeds in general which, in turn, is a topic that belongs to the wider theme of dogs. A sequence, then, is a representation of such relationships. A note with a SIGNATURE of 1=1 (the = is the field separator of signatures, per the Denote file-naming scheme) is thus the first child of note 1 and the sibling of note 1=2. In this regard, something unrelated to dogs will be its own parent, such as 2, and so on.

All the relevant functions we provide take care to automatically use the right number for a given sequence (Create parent, child, or sibling sequence notes). If, for example, we create a new child of parent 1=1, we make sure that it is the largest number among any existing children, so if 1=1=1 already exists we use 1=1=2, and the like.

The denote-sequence.el optional extension is not necessary for such a workflow. Users can always define whatever SIGNATURE they want manually. The purpose of this extension is to streamline this work.

2.1. Select a sequencing scheme for denote-sequence-scheme

[ The denote-sequence.el is part of 0.1.0-dev. ]

The user option denote-sequence-scheme allows users to select either the numeric scheme, which is like 1=1=2 or the alphanumeric scheme, which is 1a2 for the same sequence (Convert from one sequencing scheme to another):

Numeric sequencing scheme
A numeric sequence consists only of numbers. The level of depth is derived from the number of fields in the sequence, separated by the equals sign. Thus, the sequence 1=1=2 consists of three levels of depth. For deeper sequences, the numeric scheme will get longer, which some users may consider unwieldy. The upside, however, is that is easier to reason about larger numbers, such as 1=100=2=50.
Alphanumeric sequencing scheme
An alphanumeric sequence combines numbers and letters. The level of depth is undestand by the alteration from numbers to letters and vice versa. As such, the sequence 1a2 has three levels of depth. This scheme is more compact, which users may like but can be harder to reason about large numbers, such as 1zzzv2zx corresponding to the numeric 1=100=2=50 (this is because the number 26 is z, 27 is za, 52 is zz, and so on). In practice, large numbers may not be a problem, though this is something to keep in mind.

2.1.1. Convert from one sequencing scheme to another

[ The denote-sequence.el is part of 0.1.0-dev. ]

The decision on the desired denote-sequence-scheme wil affect new notes long-term (Select a sequencing scheme for denote-sequence-scheme). It thus is important to think through your needs and proceed accordingly.

Still, one cannot be sure which scheme they prefer until they experiment with it. It then is inconvenient to manually revert to the alternative scheme. To this end, we provide the command denote-sequence-convert. It convers one or more files from their current scheme to its counterpart.

When called from inside a Denote file, it converts that file. When called from a Dired buffer, it operates on the marked files. If no files are marked, it works with the Dired file at point.

Note that denote-sequence-convert DOES NOT REPARENT OR ANYHOW CHECK THE RESULTING SEQUENCES FOR DUPLICATES (Re-parent a file to extend a given sequence).

2.2. Create parent, child, or sibling sequence notes

[ The denote-sequence.el is part of 0.1.0-dev. ]

[ In the interest of simplicity, here we provide examples using the numeric value of denote-sequence-scheme, though the alphanumeric will work as well (Select a sequencing scheme for denote-sequence-scheme). ]

A new sequence note can be of the type parent, child, and sibling. For the convenience of the user, we provide commands to create such “sequence notes”, link only between them (as opposed to a link to any other file with the Denote file-naming scheme (read the Denote manual about link-related commands)), and re-parent them on demand.

Concretely, we provide the following commands:

denote-sequence
The most general way to create a new sequence note. It prompts for a type of sequence among parent, child, and sibling and the rest of the work accordingly. If the new sequence is not a parent, it thus prompts for an existing file to extend from. The rest of the interaction is that of all the usual Denote commands, such as to prompt for a title and keywords (read the Denote manual about the main points of entry).
denote-sequence-new-parent
This is a convenience wrapper of denote-sequence which directly creates a parent sequence.
denote-sequence-new-child
This is a convenience wrapper of denote-sequence which directly creates a child of an existing sequence, prompting for it using minibuffer completion.
denote-sequence-new-child-of-current
This will create a new child of the current file’s sequence. If the current file does not have such a sequence, then the command behaves the same as the aforementioned denote-sequence-new-child.
denote-sequence-new-sibling
This is a convenience wrapper of denote-sequence which directly creates a sibling of an existing sequence, prompting for it using minibuffer completion.
denote-sequence-new-sibling-of-current
This will create a new sibling of the current file’s sequence. If the current file does not have such a sequence, then the command behaves the same as the aforementioned denote-sequence-new-sibling.

2.3. Find a relative of the current sequence

[ The denote-sequence.el is part of 0.1.0-dev. ]

While reading a file with a sequence, you may want to find what its relatives are about. To this end, the command denote-sequence-find prompts for a type among parent, sibling, child, and then asks to select a file among those matching the given type. It then visits the file.

Instead of selecting a single file, the command denote-sequence-find-dired puts all the matching files in a bespoke Dired buffer (Show all or some sequences in a Dired buffer).

2.5. Re-parent a file to extend a given sequence

[ The denote-sequence.el is part of 0.1.0-dev. ]

The command denote-sequence-reparent can be used from inside a file or for the file-at-point in Dired to make that file a child of a given sequence. It does so by prompting for the target file using minibuffer completion. Files available at this prompt are only those which contain a sequence as their file name SIGNATURE (Write sequence notes or “folgezettel”).

2.6. Show all or some sequences in a Dired buffer

[ The denote-sequence.el is part of 0.1.0-dev. ]

[ In the interest of simplicity, here we provide examples using the numeric value of denote-sequence-scheme, though the alphanumeric will work as well (Select a sequencing scheme for denote-sequence-scheme). ]

The command denote-sequence-dired produces a bespoke and fully fledged Dired buffers that contains all the sequences in their order (as opposed to a regular Dired which sorts files using the ls flags).

With an optional C-u prefix argument, this command prompts for a prefix to only show sequences that include it (e.g. only show notes with 1=1, like 1=1=1 and 1=1=2 but not 1=2).

With an optional double prefix argument of C-u C-u, this command will prompt for the prefix as well as the level of depth to limit the results to. Here “depth” means how deep to go in a sequence where, for example, 1=1=2 is three levels of depth. It is possible to use an empty string at the prefix prompt to not limit the results to any prefix.

A more specialised alternative for only relatives of a given sequence is also available (Find a relative of the current sequence).

3. Installation

3.1. GNU ELPA package

The package is available as denote-sequence. Simply do: 

M-x package-refresh-contents
M-x package-install

And search for it.

GNU ELPA provides the latest stable release. Those who prefer to follow the development process in order to report bugs or suggest changes, can use the version of the package from the GNU-devel ELPA archive. Read: https://protesilaos.com/codelog/2022-05-13-emacs-elpa-devel/.

3.2. Manual installation

Assuming your Emacs files are found in ~/.emacs.d/, execute the following commands in a shell prompt: 

cd ~/.emacs.d

# Create a directory for manually-installed packages
mkdir manual-packages

# Go to the new directory
cd manual-packages

# Clone this repo, naming it "denote-sequence"
git clone https://github.com/protesilaos/denote-sequence denote-sequence

Finally, in your init.el (or equivalent) evaluate this: 

;; Make Elisp files in that directory available to the user.
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/manual-packages/denote-sequence")

Everything is in place to set up the package.

4. Sample configuration

(use-package denote-sequence
  :ensure t
  :bind
  ( :map global-map
    ;; Here we make "C-c n s" a prefix for all "[n]otes with [s]equence".
    ;; This is just for demonstration purposes: use the key bindings
    ;; that work for you.  Also check the commands:
    ;;
    ;; - `denote-sequence-new-parent'
    ;; - `denote-sequence-new-sibling'
    ;; - `denote-sequence-new-child'
    ;; - `denote-sequence-new-child-of-current'
    ;; - `denote-sequence-new-sibling-of-current'
    ("C-c n s s" . denote-sequence)
    ("C-c n s f" . denote-sequence-find)
    ("C-c n s l" . denote-sequence-link)
    ("C-c n s d" . denote-sequence-dired)
    ("C-c n s r" . denote-sequence-reparent)
    ("C-c n s c" . denote-sequence-convert))
  :config
  ;; The default sequence scheme is `numeric'.
  (setq denote-sequence-scheme 'alphanumeric))

5. Acknowledgements

Denote Sequence is meant to be a collective effort. Every bit of help matters.

Author/maintainer
Protesilaos Stavrou.
Contributions to code or the manual
Claudio Migliorelli, Kierin Bell.
Ideas and/or user feedback
Mirko Hernandez.

6. GNU Free Documentation License


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in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and
(2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.

The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.


ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:

    Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
    Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
    under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
    or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
    with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
    A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
    Free Documentation License".

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

    with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
    Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.