Protesilaos Stavrou

Denote Journal (denote-journal.el)

Convenience functions for daily journaling with Denote

This manual, written by Protesilaos Stavrou, describes the customization options for the Emacs package called denote (or denote.el), and provides every other piece of information pertinent to it.

The documentation furnished herein corresponds to stable version 0.2.0, released on 2025-10-17. Any reference to a newer feature which does not yet form part of the latest tagged commit, is explicitly marked as such.

Current development target is 0.3.0-dev.

If you are viewing the README.org version of this file, please note that the GNU ELPA machinery automatically generates an Info manual out of it.

1. COPYING

Copyright (C) 2022-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.”

(a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual.”

2. Installation

2.1. GNU ELPA package

The package is available as denote-journal. Simply do: 

M-x package-refresh-contents
M-x package-install

And search for it.

GNU ELPA provides the latest stable release. Those who prefer to follow the development process in order to report bugs or suggest changes, can use the version of the package from the GNU-devel ELPA archive. Read: https://protesilaos.com/codelog/2022-05-13-emacs-elpa-devel/.

2.2. Manual installation

Assuming your Emacs files are found in ~/.emacs.d/, execute the following commands in a shell prompt: 

cd ~/.emacs.d

# Create a directory for manually-installed packages
mkdir manual-packages

# Go to the new directory
cd manual-packages

# Clone this repo, naming it "denote-journal"
git clone https://github.com/protesilaos/denote-journal denote-journal

Finally, in your init.el (or equivalent) evaluate this: 

;; Make Elisp files in that directory available to the user.
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/manual-packages/denote-journal")

Everything is in place to set up the package.

3. Sample configuration

(use-package denote-journal
  :ensure t
  ;; Bind those to some key for your convenience.
  :commands ( denote-journal-new-entry
              denote-journal-new-or-existing-entry
              denote-journal-link-or-create-entry )
  :hook (calendar-mode . denote-journal-calendar-mode)
  :config
  ;; Use the "journal" subdirectory of the `denote-directory'.  Set this
  ;; to nil to use the `denote-directory' instead.
  (setq denote-journal-directory
        (expand-file-name "journal" denote-directory))
  ;; Default keyword for new journal entries. It can also be a list of
  ;; strings.
  (setq denote-journal-keyword "journal")
  ;; Read the doc string of `denote-journal-title-format'.
  (setq denote-journal-title-format 'day-date-month-year))

4. Overview

The denote-journal package makes it easier to use Denote for journaling. While it is possible to use the generic denote command (and related) to maintain a journal, this package defines extra functionality to streamline the journaling workflow.

The code of denote-journal used to be bundled up with the denote package before version 4.0.0 of the latter and was available in the file denote-journal-extras.el. Users of the old code will need to adapt their setup to use the denote-journal package. This can be done by replacing all instances of denote-journal-extras with denote-journal across their configuration.

4.1. Create new journal entry

The command denote-journal-new-entry creates a new entry in the journal. Such a file has the denote-journal-keyword, which is the string journal by default (read the Denote manual about the file-naming scheme). The user can set this keyword to an arbitrary string (single word is preferred), a list of strings, a function that returns a string or list of strings, or nil to not use any keywords.

New journal entries are stored in the denote-journal-directory, while any command that generates a new journal entry calls the denote-journal-hook:

The command denote-journal-new-entry creates a new entry unconditionally. This means that it will not check if the present day already has a note for it. Users who wish to only ever have one entry per day should use denote-journal-new-or-existing-entry instead (Create a new journal entry or use an existing one).

4.2. Create a new journal entry or use an existing one

The command denote-journal-new-or-existing-entry locates an existing journal entry and opens it for editing or creates a new one.

A journal entry is an editable file that has denote-journal-keyword as part of its file name (The denote-journal-signature option). If there are multiple journal entries for the current date, denote-journal-new-or-existing-entry prompts to select one among them using minibuffer completion. If there is only one matching file, it visits it outright. If there is no journal entry, it creates a new one by calling denote-journal-new-entry (Create new journal entry). Depending on one’s workflow, this can also be done via org-capture (Create a journal entry using Org capture).

When called with a prefix argument (C-u with default key bindings), the command denote-journal-new-or-existing-entry prompts for a date (Integrate with the calendar to view or create journal entries). It then determines whether to visit an existing file or create a new one, as described above. The date selection interface is controlled by the user option denote-date-prompt-use-org-read-date, which is part of the main denote package. By default, this is a simple minibuffer prompt, though users can opt in to the more advanced minibuffer+calendar date picker that Org uses for its own date selection operations.

This command consults the user option denote-journal-interval to determine when to create a new file or visit an existing one. The denote-journal-interval can be set to a value of daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly. Any other value is internall treated as daily.

4.3. Link to a journal entry or create it if missing

The command denote-journal-link-or-create-entry links to the journal entry for today or creates it in the background, if missing, and then links to it from the current file. If there are multiple journal entries for the same day, it prompts to select one among them and then links to it. When called with an optional prefix argument (such as C-u with default key bindings), the command prompts for a date and then performs the aforementioned. With a double prefix argument (C-u C-u), it also produces a link whose description includes just the file’s identifier.

4.4. Integrate with the calendar to view or create journal entries

The command denote-journal-calendar-new-or-existing creates a new journal entry for the date at point in the M-x calendar buffer. If an entry exists, it visits it. This is the same as the command denote-journal-new-or-existing-entry (Create a new journal entry or use an existing one).

The command denote-journal-calendar-find-file visits the Denote journal entry corresponding to the date at point in the M-x calendar. If there are multiple entries, it prompts with minibuffer completion to select one among them.

The buffer-local minor mode denote-journal-calendar-mode marks the dates in the M-x calendar that have a Denote journal entry. The face applied to them is the denote-journal-calendar. Activate the mode via the calendar-mode-hook: 

(add-hook 'calendar-mode-hook #'denote-journal-calendar-mode)

The denote-journal-calendar-mode also activates the key map called denote-journal-calendar-mode-map. It defines bindings for the aforementioned commands: F for denote-journal-calendar-find-file and N for denote-journal-calendar-new-or-existing.

4.5. The denote-journal-directory option

New journal entries are placed in the denote-journal-directory, which defaults to a subdirectory of denote-directory called journal.

If denote-journal-directory is nil, the denote-directory is used. Journal entries will thus be in a flat listing together with all other notes. They can still be retrieved easily by searching for the denote-journal-keyword (read the Denote manual about “Features of the file-naming scheme for searching or filtering”).

4.6. The denote-journal-signature option

The user option denote-journal-signature specifies a predefined signature to use in new journal entries. This is used by denote-journal-new-entry and all related commands (Create new journal entry).

The value of this user option can be one of the following:

  • nil, which means to not use a predefined signature;
  • a string, which is used as-is;
  • a function that returns a string, which is then used as-is.

In the case of a function, users may wish to integrate the denote-journal package with denote-sequence. For example, each new journal entry should be defined as a new parent sequence. Thus: 

(setq denote-journal-signature
      (lambda ()
        (denote-sequence-get-new 'parent)))

4.7. Title format of new journal entries

New journal entries will use the current date as the title of the entry. The exact format is controlled by the user option denote-journal-title-format. The value it can take is either nil, a custom string, or a symbol:

  • When denote-journal-title-format is set to a nil value, then new journal entries always prompt for a title. Users will want this if they prefer to journal using a given theme for the day rather than the date itself (e.g. instead of “1st of April 2025” they may prefer something like “Early Spring at the hut”).
  • When denote-journal-title-format is set to an empty or blank string (string with only spaces), then new journal entries will not use a file title.
  • When denote-journal-title-format is set to a symbol, it is one among day (results in a title like Tuesday), day-date-month-year (for a result like Tuesday 1 April 2025), day-date-month-year-24h (for Tuesday 1 April 2025 13:46), or day-date-month-year-12h (e.g. Tuesday 1 April 2025 02:46 PM).
  • When denote-journal-title-format is set to a string, it is used literally except for any “format specifiers”, as interpreted by the function format-time-string, which are replaced by their given date component. For example, the "Week %V on %A %e %B %Y at %H:%M" will yield a title like Week 14 on 1 April 2025 at 13:48.

4.8. Create a journal entry using Org capture

Users who prefer to consolidate all their note-creating or todo-making commands in the org-capture interface will want to use a variant of denote-journal-new-or-existing-entry (Create a new journal entry or use an existing one): 

(with-eval-after-load 'org-capture
  (add-to-list 'org-capture-templates
               '("j" "Journal" entry
                 (file denote-journal-path-to-new-or-existing-entry)
                 "* %U %?\n%i\n%a"
                 :kill-buffer t
                 :empty-lines 1)))

Using the above, is the same as calling the command denote-journal-new-or-existing-entry and then manually appending a heading with a timestamp after the file’s front matter. The template shown above can be modified accordingly, in accordance with the documentation of org-capture-templates.

4.9. The denote-journal-hook

All commands that create a new journal entry call the normal hook denote-journal-hook as a final step. The user can leverage this to produce consequences therefrom, such as to set a timer with the tmr package from GNU ELPA (Journaling with a timer).

4.10. Journaling with a timer

Sometimes journaling is done with the intent to hone one’s writing skills. Perhaps you are learning a new language or wish to communicate your ideas with greater clarity and precision. As with everything that requires a degree of sophistication, you have to work for it—write, write, write!

One way to test your progress is to set a timer. It helps you gauge your output and its quality. To use a timer with Emacs, consider the tmr package (Protesilaos is the original author and maintainer). A new timer can be set with something like this: 

;; Set 10 minute timer with the given description
(tmr "10" "Practice writing in my journal")

To make this timer start as soon as a new journal entry is created add a function to the denote-journal-hook (The denote-journal-hook). For example: 

;; Add an anonymous function, which is more difficult to modify after
;; the fact:
(add-hook 'denote-journal-hook (lambda () (tmr "10" "Practice writing in my journal")))

;; Or write a small function that you can then modify without
;; revaluating the hook:
(defun my-denote-tmr ()
  (tmr "10" "Practice writing in my journal"))

;; Now add your named function to the hook:
(add-hook 'denote-journal-hook #'my-denote-tmr)

;; Or to make it fully featured!  Define variables for the duration
;; and the description and set it up so that you only need to modify
;; those instead of the function:
(defvar my-denote-tmr-duration "10")

(defvar my-denote-tmr-description "Practice writing in my journal")

(defun my-denote-tmr ()
  (tmr my-denote-tmr-duration my-denote-tmr-description))

(add-hook 'denote-journal-hook #'my-denote-tmr)

Once the timer elapses, stop writing and review your performance. Practice makes perfect!

Sources for tmr:

5. Acknowledgements

Denote Journal is meant to be a collective effort. Every bit of help matters.

Author/maintainer
Protesilaos Stavrou.
Contributions to code or the manual
Abdelhak Bougouffa, Alan Schmitt, Ettore Berardi, Honza Pokorny, Josh Kingsley, Stefan Monnier, Vineet C. Kulkarni, gk2803, jbwfu.
Ideas and/or user feedback
Alan Schmitt, Kevin McCarthy, Halogen3576.

6. GNU Free Documentation License


                GNU Free Documentation License
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not give you any rights to use it.


10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
Document.

11. RELICENSING

"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.  A
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site
means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.

"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
published by that same organization.

"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in
part, as part of another Document.

An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this
License, and if all works that were first published under this License
somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or
in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and
(2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.

The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.


ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:

    Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
    Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
    under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
    or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
    with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
    A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
    Free Documentation License".

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

    with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
    Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.